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| Unknown | 1994-04-27 | 28.2 KB | [????/????] |
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| macFileType | [????] |
| macFileCreator | [????] |
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
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|00000010| 00 00 0d cc 00 00 10 51 | 00 00 15 c9 00 00 18 26 |.......Q|.......&|
|00000020| 00 00 1b c5 00 00 1e b4 | 00 00 21 ed 00 00 28 9f |........|..!...(.|
|00000030| 00 00 2e 19 00 00 31 04 | 00 00 36 05 00 00 37 ae |......1.|..6...7.|
|00000040| 00 00 39 80 00 00 3c 10 | 00 00 3e 32 00 00 40 60 |..9...<.|..>2..@`|
|00000050| 00 00 41 a8 00 00 43 ea | 00 00 46 4c 00 00 48 26 |..A...C.|..FL..H&|
|00000060| 00 00 4b 5c 00 00 4d 52 | 00 00 4f 5b 00 00 54 dc |..K\..MR|..O[..T.|
|00000070| 00 00 58 c8 00 00 5c 14 | 00 00 60 22 00 00 64 53 |..X...\.|..`"..dS|
|00000080| 00 00 69 1a 00 00 6c 33 | 04 5b 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 |..i...l3|.[Lobste|
|00000090| 72 20 42 72 61 69 6e 0d | 0d 4c 4f 42 53 54 45 52 |r Brain.|.LOBSTER|
|000000a0| 20 42 52 41 49 4e 20 0d | 09 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | BRAIN .|.Lobster|
|000000b0| 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 | 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 62 72 |s have s|imple br|
|000000c0| 61 69 6e 73 2e 20 41 20 | 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 |ains. A |lobster |
|000000d0| 62 72 61 69 6e 20 63 6f | 6e 73 69 73 74 73 20 6f |brain co|nsists o|
|000000e0| 66 20 61 20 64 65 6e 73 | 65 20 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 |f a dens|e collec|
|000000f0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 6e 65 72 76 65 73 20 63 |tion of |nerves c|
|00000100| 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 61 20 | 67 61 6e 67 6c 69 6f 6e |alled a |ganglion|
|00000110| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 67 61 | 6e 67 6c 69 6f 6e 20 73 |. The ga|nglion s|
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|00000140| 6f 66 20 6e 65 72 76 65 | 20 66 69 62 65 72 73 20 |of nerve| fibers |
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|00000160| 20 62 72 61 69 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 | brain t|o the re|
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|000001b0| 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 6e 65 | 72 76 65 73 20 69 73 20 | long ne|rves is |
|000001c0| 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 65 6e 74 72 |called t|he centr|
|000001d0| 61 6c 20 6e 65 72 76 6f | 75 73 20 73 79 73 74 65 |al nervo|us syste|
|000001e0| 6d 2e 20 0d 09 41 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 6f 74 68 |m. ..As |with oth|
|000001f0| 65 72 20 61 6e 69 6d 61 | 6c 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |er anima|ls, the |
|00000200| 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 27 | 73 20 63 65 6e 74 72 61 |lobster'|s centra|
|00000210| 6c 20 6e 65 72 76 6f 75 | 73 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d |l nervou|s system|
|00000220| 20 74 72 61 6e 73 6d 69 | 74 73 20 74 69 6e 79 20 | transmi|ts tiny |
|00000230| 65 6c 65 63 74 72 69 63 | 61 6c 20 6d 65 73 73 61 |electric|al messa|
|00000240| 67 65 73 20 62 65 74 77 | 65 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |ges betw|een the |
|00000250| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 74 20 70 61 72 74 73 20 |differen|t parts |
|00000260| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 6f 64 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |of the b|ody and |
|00000270| 62 72 61 69 6e 2e 20 46 | 6f 72 20 69 6e 73 74 61 |brain. F|or insta|
|00000280| 6e 63 65 2c 20 6e 65 72 | 76 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 |nce, ner|ves in t|
|00000290| 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 | 65 72 27 73 20 6c 65 67 |he lobst|er's leg|
|000002a0| 73 2c 20 65 79 65 73 20 | 61 6e 64 20 73 68 65 6c |s, eyes |and shel|
|000002b0| 6c 20 61 72 65 20 63 6f | 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 6c 79 |l are co|nstantly|
|000002c0| 20 73 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 | sending| message|
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|000002e0| 27 73 20 62 72 61 69 6e | 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 69 |'s brain| about i|
|000002f0| 74 73 20 65 6e 76 69 72 | 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 |ts envir|onment. |
|00000300| 54 68 65 20 62 72 61 69 | 6e 2c 20 69 6e 20 74 75 |The brai|n, in tu|
|00000310| 72 6e 2c 20 73 6f 72 74 | 73 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 |rn, sort|s throug|
|00000320| 68 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 |h these |messages|
|00000330| 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 61 | 63 74 73 20 61 75 74 6f | and rea|cts auto|
|00000340| 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c | 79 20 74 6f 20 74 68 6f |maticall|y to tho|
|00000350| 73 65 20 6d 65 73 73 61 | 67 65 73 20 72 65 71 75 |se messa|ges requ|
|00000360| 69 72 69 6e 67 20 73 6f | 6d 65 20 6b 69 6e 64 20 |iring so|me kind |
|00000370| 6f 66 20 61 63 74 69 6f | 6e 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 |of actio|n. This |
|00000380| 74 79 70 65 20 6f 66 20 | 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 |type of |response|
|00000390| 20 69 73 20 63 61 6c 6c | 65 64 20 61 6e 20 49 4e | is call|ed an IN|
|000003a0| 53 54 49 4e 43 54 20 62 | 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 |STINCT b|ecause t|
|000003b0| 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 | 65 72 20 64 6f 65 73 6e |he lobst|er doesn|
|000003c0| 27 74 20 61 63 74 75 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 74 68 69 6e |'t actua|lly thin|
|000003d0| 6b 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 69 |k about |the acti|
|000003e0| 6f 6e 20 62 65 66 6f 72 | 65 20 64 6f 69 6e 67 20 |on befor|e doing |
|000003f0| 69 74 2e 20 49 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 |it. If t|he lobst|
|00000400| 65 72 27 73 20 65 79 65 | 20 73 65 6e 64 73 20 61 |er's eye| sends a|
|00000410| 20 76 69 73 75 61 6c 20 | 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 | visual |message |
|00000420| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 72 61 69 6e 2c 20 73 61 |to the b|rain, sa|
|00000430| 79 2c 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 61 20 66 61 73 74 2d 6d |y, that |a fast-m|
|00000440| 6f 76 69 6e 67 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 20 69 73 20 |oving ob|ject is |
|00000450| 61 70 70 72 6f 61 63 68 | 69 6e 67 2c 20 74 68 65 |approach|ing, the|
|00000460| 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | 27 73 20 62 72 61 69 6e | lobster|'s brain|
|00000470| 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 72 | 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 20 62 | might r|espond b|
|00000480| 79 20 73 65 6e 64 69 6e | 67 20 61 6e 20 65 6c 65 |y sendin|g an ele|
|00000490| 63 74 72 69 63 61 6c 20 | 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 |ctrical |message |
|000004a0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 74 | 61 69 6c 2c 20 22 74 65 |to the t|ail, "te|
|000004b0| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 22 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 61 69 6c 20 |lling" t|he tail |
|000004c0| 74 6f 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 | 20 72 61 70 69 64 6c 79 |to close| rapidly|
|000004d0| 20 61 6e 64 20 70 72 6f | 70 65 6c 20 74 68 65 20 | and pro|pel the |
|000004e0| 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 73 61 66 65 74 |lobster |to safet|
|000004f0| 79 2e 20 0d 02 80 4c 6f | 62 73 74 65 72 20 47 69 |y. ...Lo|bster Gi|
|00000500| 6c 6c 73 0d 0d 4c 4f 42 | 53 54 45 52 20 47 49 4c |lls..LOB|STER GIL|
|00000510| 4c 53 20 0d 09 54 68 65 | 20 67 69 6c 6c 73 20 6f |LS ..The| gills o|
|00000520| 66 20 61 20 6c 6f 62 73 | 74 65 72 20 66 75 6e 63 |f a lobs|ter func|
|00000530| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 75 63 | 68 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 |tion muc|h the wa|
|00000540| 79 20 61 20 66 69 73 68 | 27 73 20 67 69 6c 6c 73 |y a fish|'s gills|
|00000550| 20 64 6f 2e 20 45 61 63 | 68 20 67 69 6c 6c 20 69 | do. Eac|h gill i|
|00000560| 73 20 6d 61 64 65 20 6f | 66 20 61 20 66 69 6e 65 |s made o|f a fine|
|00000570| 2c 20 66 65 61 74 68 65 | 72 79 20 6d 61 74 65 72 |, feathe|ry mater|
|00000580| 69 61 6c 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 69 73 20 66 69 6c 6c |ial that| is fill|
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|000005a0| 6f 64 20 76 65 73 73 65 | 6c 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |od vesse|ls. The |
|000005b0| 67 69 6c 6c 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 68 |gills ar|e attach|
|000005c0| 65 64 20 6e 65 61 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 61 72 65 61 |ed near |the area|
|000005d0| 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 61 | 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | where a| lobster|
|000005e0| 27 73 20 6c 65 67 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 61 74 74 61 |'s legs |are atta|
|000005f0| 63 68 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 6f 64 79 |ched to |the body|
|00000600| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d 6f | 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f |. The mo|vement o|
|00000610| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f | 62 73 74 65 72 27 73 20 |f the lo|bster's |
|00000620| 6c 65 67 73 20 68 65 6c | 70 73 20 62 72 69 6e 67 |legs hel|ps bring|
|00000630| 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 67 69 | water t|o the gi|
|00000640| 6c 6c 73 2e 20 41 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 61 74 65 |lls. As |the wate|
|00000650| 72 20 70 61 73 73 65 73 | 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 68 |r passes| over th|
|00000660| 65 20 67 69 6c 6c 73 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 62 6c 6f |e gills,| the blo|
|00000670| 6f 64 20 76 65 73 73 65 | 6c 73 20 69 6e 20 65 61 |od vesse|ls in ea|
|00000680| 63 68 20 67 69 6c 6c 20 | 61 62 73 6f 72 62 20 74 |ch gill |absorb t|
|00000690| 68 65 20 6f 78 79 67 65 | 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 |he oxyge|n from t|
|000006a0| 68 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 | 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 6c |he water| and rel|
|000006b0| 65 61 73 65 20 63 61 72 | 62 6f 6e 20 64 69 6f 78 |ease car|bon diox|
|000006c0| 69 64 65 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 69 73 20 61 20 |ide, whi|ch is a |
|000006d0| 62 79 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 74 20 6f 66 20 72 65 73 |byproduc|t of res|
|000006e0| 70 69 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6f 78 |piration|. The ox|
|000006f0| 79 67 65 6e 20 69 73 20 | 74 68 65 6e 20 63 61 72 |ygen is |then car|
|00000700| 72 69 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 6c 6f 6f |ried in |the bloo|
|00000710| 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 |d to the| other p|
|00000720| 61 72 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 |arts of |the lobs|
|00000730| 74 65 72 27 73 20 62 6f | 64 79 2c 20 77 68 65 72 |ter's bo|dy, wher|
|00000740| 65 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 66 6f 72 |e it is |used for|
|00000750| 20 61 63 74 69 76 69 74 | 69 65 73 20 73 75 63 68 | activit|ies such|
|00000760| 20 61 73 20 6d 6f 76 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 67 72 | as move|ment, gr|
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|00000780| 6f 6e 2e 20 0d 03 f9 4c | 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 47 |on. ...L|obster G|
|00000790| 6f 6e 61 64 0d 0d 4c 4f | 42 53 54 45 52 20 47 6f |onad..LO|BSTER Go|
|000007a0| 6e 61 64 20 0d 09 54 68 | 69 73 20 6c 6f 6e 67 2c |nad ..Th|is long,|
|000007b0| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 66 75 | 6c 20 6f 72 67 61 6e 20 | colorfu|l organ |
|000007c0| 69 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 | 64 20 61 20 67 6f 6e 61 |is calle|d a gona|
|000007d0| 64 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 | 20 75 73 65 64 20 62 79 |d. It is| used by|
|000007e0| 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | 73 20 66 6f 72 20 72 65 | lobster|s for re|
|000007f0| 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 49 6e 20 66 |producti|on. In f|
|00000800| 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 6c 6f | 62 73 74 65 72 73 2c 20 |emale lo|bsters, |
|00000810| 74 68 65 20 67 6f 6e 61 | 64 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 |the gona|d produc|
|00000820| 65 73 20 65 67 67 73 2e | 20 49 6e 20 6d 61 6c 65 |es eggs.| In male|
|00000830| 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | 73 2c 20 69 74 20 70 72 | lobster|s, it pr|
|00000840| 6f 64 75 63 65 73 20 73 | 70 65 72 6d 2e 20 4c 69 |oduces s|perm. Li|
|00000850| 6b 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 69 6e |ke most |other in|
|00000860| 76 65 72 74 65 62 72 61 | 74 65 73 2c 20 6c 6f 62 |vertebra|tes, lob|
|00000870| 73 74 65 72 73 20 72 65 | 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 |sters re|produce |
|00000880| 62 79 20 6c 61 79 69 6e | 67 20 61 6e 64 20 66 65 |by layin|g and fe|
|00000890| 72 74 69 6c 69 7a 69 6e | 67 20 65 67 67 73 2e 20 |rtilizin|g eggs. |
|000008a0| 4f 6e 63 65 20 61 20 6c | 6f 62 73 74 65 72 27 73 |Once a l|obster's|
|000008b0| 20 65 67 67 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 66 65 72 74 69 6c | eggs ar|e fertil|
|000008c0| 69 7a 65 64 2c 20 74 68 | 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 6b |ized, th|ey are k|
|000008d0| 65 70 74 20 69 6e 20 61 | 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 63 |ept in a| small c|
|000008e0| 68 61 6d 62 65 72 20 61 | 74 74 61 63 68 65 64 20 |hamber a|ttached |
|000008f0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c | 6f 62 73 74 65 72 27 73 |to the l|obster's|
|00000900| 20 62 6f 64 79 2e 20 53 | 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 77 | body. S|everal w|
|00000910| 65 65 6b 73 20 6c 61 74 | 65 72 2c 20 62 61 62 79 |eeks lat|er, baby|
|00000920| 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | 73 2c 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | lobster|s, known|
|00000930| 20 61 73 20 6c 61 72 76 | 61 65 2c 20 65 6d 65 72 | as larv|ae, emer|
|00000940| 67 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 67 67 73 |ge from |the eggs|
|00000950| 2e 20 0d 09 44 75 72 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6c |. ..Duri|ng the l|
|00000960| 61 72 76 61 6c 20 73 74 | 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 69 |arval st|age of i|
|00000970| 74 73 20 64 65 76 65 6c | 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 |ts devel|opment, |
|00000980| 61 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 | 72 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 73 20 |a lobste|r looks |
|00000990| 6e 6f 74 68 69 6e 67 20 | 6c 69 6b 65 20 69 74 20 |nothing |like it |
|000009a0| 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 | 61 6e 20 61 64 75 6c 74 |will as |an adult|
|000009b0| 2e 20 49 6e 73 74 65 61 | 64 20 6f 66 20 68 61 76 |. Instea|d of hav|
|000009c0| 69 6e 67 20 61 20 6c 6f | 6e 67 20 62 6f 64 79 20 |ing a lo|ng body |
|000009d0| 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 73 | 68 65 6c 6c 20 61 6e 64 |with a s|hell and|
|000009e0| 20 63 6c 61 77 73 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 | claws, |the lobs|
|000009f0| 74 65 72 20 6c 61 72 76 | 61 20 69 73 20 61 6c 6d |ter larv|a is alm|
|00000a00| 6f 73 74 20 63 69 72 63 | 75 6c 61 72 2c 20 61 6e |ost circ|ular, an|
|00000a10| 64 20 69 74 20 68 61 73 | 20 6e 6f 20 74 61 69 6c |d it has| no tail|
|00000a20| 20 6f 72 20 72 65 63 6f | 67 6e 69 7a 61 62 6c 65 | or reco|gnizable|
|00000a30| 20 68 65 61 64 2e 20 57 | 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 61 | head. W|ithout a|
|00000a40| 6e 79 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 | 20 6f 66 20 6d 6f 76 69 |ny means| of movi|
|00000a50| 6e 67 20 61 72 6f 75 6e | 64 2c 20 61 20 6c 6f 62 |ng aroun|d, a lob|
|00000a60| 73 74 65 72 20 6c 61 72 | 76 61 20 6d 75 73 74 20 |ster lar|va must |
|00000a70| 66 6c 6f 61 74 20 61 6c | 6f 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 74 |float al|ong in t|
|00000a80| 68 65 20 6f 63 65 61 6e | 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 |he ocean| current|
|00000a90| 2e 20 4d 6f 73 74 20 6c | 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 6c |. Most l|obster l|
|00000aa0| 61 72 76 61 65 20 65 6e | 64 20 75 70 20 61 73 20 |arvae en|d up as |
|00000ab0| 61 20 6d 65 61 6c 20 66 | 6f 72 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |a meal f|or some |
|00000ac0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 61 6e | 69 6d 61 6c 2e 20 41 73 |other an|imal. As|
|00000ad0| 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 72 | 76 61 20 67 72 6f 77 73 | the lar|va grows|
|00000ae0| 2c 20 69 74 20 73 68 65 | 64 73 20 69 74 73 20 6f |, it she|ds its o|
|00000af0| 75 74 65 72 20 6c 61 79 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 73 6b |uter lay|er of sk|
|00000b00| 69 6e 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |in. This| process|
|00000b10| 20 69 73 20 63 61 6c 6c | 65 64 20 4d 4f 4c 54 49 | is call|ed MOLTI|
|00000b20| 4e 47 2e 20 57 69 74 68 | 20 65 61 63 68 20 6d 6f |NG. With| each mo|
|00000b30| 6c 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |lting, m|ore of t|
|00000b40| 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 | 65 72 27 73 20 70 61 72 |he lobst|er's par|
|00000b50| 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 72 | 65 76 65 61 6c 65 64 20 |ts are r|evealed |
|00000b60| 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 61 20 | 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 7a |until a |recogniz|
|00000b70| 61 62 6c 65 20 6c 6f 62 | 73 74 65 72 20 66 69 6e |able lob|ster fin|
|00000b80| 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 70 70 | 65 61 72 73 2e 20 0d 02 |ally app|ears. ..|
|00000b90| 2c 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | 20 48 65 61 72 74 0d 0d |,Lobster| Heart..|
|00000ba0| 4c 4f 42 53 54 45 52 20 | 48 45 41 52 54 20 0d 09 |LOBSTER |HEART ..|
|00000bb0| 54 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 | 74 65 72 27 73 20 68 65 |The lobs|ter's he|
|00000bc0| 61 72 74 20 61 63 74 73 | 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 61 20 |art acts| like a |
|00000bd0| 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 70 75 | 6d 70 20 77 68 69 63 68 |small pu|mp which|
|00000be0| 20 64 72 61 77 73 20 6f | 78 79 67 65 6e 2d 72 69 | draws o|xygen-ri|
|00000bf0| 63 68 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |ch blood| from th|
|00000c00| 65 20 67 69 6c 6c 73 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e |e gills |and then|
|00000c10| 20 70 75 6d 70 73 20 69 | 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | pumps i|t to the|
|00000c20| 20 72 65 73 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 | rest of| the lob|
|00000c30| 73 74 65 72 27 73 20 62 | 6f 64 79 2e 20 54 68 65 |ster's b|ody. The|
|00000c40| 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 69 | 73 20 63 61 72 72 69 65 | blood i|s carrie|
|00000c50| 64 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 | 68 20 61 20 77 65 62 20 |d throug|h a web |
|00000c60| 6f 66 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 | 63 74 69 6e 67 20 62 6c |of conne|cting bl|
|00000c70| 6f 6f 64 20 76 65 73 73 | 65 6c 73 20 63 61 6c 6c |ood vess|els call|
|00000c80| 65 64 20 61 20 63 69 72 | 63 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 79 |ed a cir|culatory|
|00000c90| 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2e | 20 49 6e 20 6c 6f 62 73 | system.| In lobs|
|00000ca0| 74 65 72 73 2c 20 62 6c | 6f 6f 64 20 66 6c 6f 77 |ters, bl|ood flow|
|00000cb0| 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 |s from t|he lobst|
|00000cc0| 65 72 27 73 20 62 6f 64 | 79 20 74 69 73 73 75 65 |er's bod|y tissue|
|00000cd0| 73 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 | 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 62 |s into a| large b|
|00000ce0| 6f 64 79 20 63 61 76 69 | 74 79 2c 20 6b 6e 6f 77 |ody cavi|ty, know|
|00000cf0| 6e 20 61 73 20 61 20 68 | 65 6d 6f 63 6f 65 6c 2c |n as a h|emocoel,|
|00000d00| 20 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 64 | 20 6e 65 61 72 20 74 68 | located| near th|
|00000d10| 65 20 6d 69 64 64 6c 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |e middle| of the |
|00000d20| 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 2e | 20 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |lobster.| From th|
|00000d30| 65 20 68 65 6d 6f 63 6f | 65 6c 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |e hemoco|el, the |
|00000d40| 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 27 | 73 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 |lobster'|s blood |
|00000d50| 66 6c 6f 77 73 20 69 6e | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 67 |flows in|to the g|
|00000d60| 69 6c 6c 73 2c 20 77 68 | 65 72 65 20 63 61 72 62 |ills, wh|ere carb|
|00000d70| 6f 6e 20 64 69 6f 78 69 | 64 65 20 69 73 20 72 65 |on dioxi|de is re|
|00000d80| 6c 65 61 73 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f |leased b|y the lo|
|00000d90| 62 73 74 65 72 27 73 20 | 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 63 65 |bster's |blood ce|
|00000da0| 6c 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6f 78 79 67 65 6e 20 69 |lls and |oxygen i|
|00000db0| 73 20 61 62 73 6f 72 62 | 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |s absorb|ed from |
|00000dc0| 74 68 65 20 77 61 74 65 | 72 2e 20 0d 02 72 4c 6f |the wate|r. ..rLo|
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|000013a0| 74 68 65 20 76 69 73 75 | 61 6c 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 |the visu|al infor|
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|000013e0| 27 73 20 65 79 65 73 2e | 20 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 |'s eyes.| Another|
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|00001400| 68 65 20 62 72 61 69 6e | 20 69 73 20 72 65 73 70 |he brain| is resp|
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|00001430| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 63 74 6f 70 75 73 |from the| octopus|
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|000014a0| 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f |, so thi|s part o|
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|000014e0| 61 6e 69 6d 61 6c 73 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 63 74 |animals,| the oct|
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|00001500| 63 61 70 61 62 6c 65 20 | 6f 66 20 72 65 6d 65 6d |capable |of remem|
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|00001580| 69 76 65 20 6f 72 20 72 | 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 69 |ive or r|ememberi|
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|00002270| 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 76 65 | 72 79 20 6c 69 74 74 6c | know ve|ry littl|
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|000024a0| 72 6b 20 65 6d 62 72 79 | 6f 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 75 |rk embry|o is nou|
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|000025f0| 20 55 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 | 6d 61 6d 6d 61 6c 73 2c | Unlike |mammals,|
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|00002720| 61 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 | 70 75 72 73 65 2e 20 54 |a small |purse. T|
|00002730| 68 65 20 65 67 67 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 6e 20 64 |he egg i|s then d|
|00002740| 65 70 6f 73 69 74 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 61 20 73 61 |eposited| in a sa|
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|000027d0| 6b 20 73 61 63 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 69 73 20 63 6f |k sac th|at is co|
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|00002810| 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 |he shark| finally|
|00002820| 20 68 61 74 63 68 65 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 69 74 | hatches| from it|
|00002830| 73 20 65 67 67 2c 20 69 | 74 20 69 73 20 71 75 69 |s egg, i|t is qui|
|00002840| 74 65 20 76 75 6c 6e 65 | 72 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f |te vulne|rable to|
|00002850| 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 20 | 62 79 20 70 72 65 64 61 | attack |by preda|
|00002860| 74 6f 72 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6d 75 73 74 20 71 75 |tors and| must qu|
|00002870| 69 63 6b 6c 79 20 66 69 | 6e 64 20 61 20 68 69 64 |ickly fi|nd a hid|
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|000028a0| 6b 53 68 61 72 6b 20 42 | 72 61 69 6e 0d 0d 53 48 |kShark B|rain..SH|
|000028b0| 41 52 4b 20 42 52 41 49 | 4e 20 0d 09 46 6f 72 20 |ARK BRAI|N ..For |
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|00002930| 79 20 73 68 61 72 6b 73 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 6c 61 |y sharks| have la|
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|00002970| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 76 | 65 72 74 65 62 72 61 74 | other v|ertebrat|
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|00002990| 6b 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 65 76 65 6e 20 64 65 6d |ks have |even dem|
|000029a0| 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 61 62 |onstrate|d the ab|
|000029b0| 69 6c 69 74 79 20 74 6f | 20 6c 65 61 72 6e 20 73 |ility to| learn s|
|000029c0| 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 74 61 | 73 6b 73 2e 20 0d 09 41 |imple ta|sks. ..A|
|000029d0| 20 73 68 61 72 6b 27 73 | 20 62 72 61 69 6e 20 69 | shark's| brain i|
|000029e0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 65 | 6e 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 |s the ce|nter of |
|000029f0| 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 | 78 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d |a comple|x system|
|00002a00| 20 6f 66 20 6e 65 72 76 | 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | of nerv|es and s|
|00002a10| 65 6e 73 65 73 2e 20 4d | 69 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 73 20 |enses. M|illions |
|00002a20| 6f 66 20 74 69 6e 79 20 | 65 6c 65 63 74 72 69 63 |of tiny |electric|
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|00002a40| 74 72 61 6e 73 6d 69 74 | 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 |transmit|ted to t|
|00002a50| 68 65 20 62 72 61 69 6e | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 6c |he brain| from al|
|00002a60| 6c 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b |l over t|he shark|
|00002a70| 27 73 20 62 6f 64 79 2e | 20 46 6f 72 20 69 6e 73 |'s body.| For ins|
|00002a80| 74 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b |tance, t|he shark|
|00002a90| 27 73 20 65 79 65 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 |'s eyes |are cons|
|00002aa0| 74 61 6e 74 6c 79 20 73 | 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 69 |tantly s|ending i|
|00002ab0| 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |nformati|on to th|
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|00002af0| 74 72 69 63 61 6c 20 73 | 65 6e 73 6f 72 73 20 69 |trical s|ensors i|
|00002b00| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 68 | 61 72 6b 27 73 20 66 61 |n the sh|ark's fa|
|00002b10| 63 65 20 74 72 61 6e 73 | 6d 69 74 20 69 6e 66 6f |ce trans|mit info|
|00002b20| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |rmation |about th|
|00002b30| 65 20 65 6c 65 63 74 72 | 69 63 61 6c 20 66 69 65 |e electr|ical fie|
|00002b40| 6c 64 73 20 62 65 69 6e | 67 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 |lds bein|g create|
|00002b50| 64 20 62 79 20 6f 74 68 | 65 72 20 61 6e 69 6d 61 |d by oth|er anima|
|00002b60| 6c 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 2e |ls in th|e water.|
|00002b70| 20 41 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 61 6d 65 20 74 69 6d | At the |same tim|
|00002b80| 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 | 73 20 68 61 70 70 65 6e |e this i|s happen|
|00002b90| 69 6e 67 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 68 61 72 6b 27 73 |ing, the| shark's|
|00002ba0| 20 62 72 61 69 6e 20 69 | 73 20 73 65 6e 64 69 6e | brain i|s sendin|
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|00002bc0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 |o the di|fferent |
|00002bd0| 70 61 72 74 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 62 6f 64 |parts of| the bod|
|00002be0| 79 2c 20 69 6e 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 69 6e 67 20 74 |y, instr|ucting t|
|00002bf0| 68 65 6d 20 77 68 61 74 | 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 2e 20 |hem what| to do. |
|00002c00| 0d 09 42 72 61 69 6e 73 | 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 20 |..Brains| differ |
|00002c10| 67 72 65 61 74 6c 79 20 | 69 6e 20 73 69 7a 65 20 |greatly |in size |
|00002c20| 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 6c 65 78 69 74 79 20 66 |and comp|lexity f|
|00002c30| 72 6f 6d 20 6f 6e 65 20 | 73 68 61 72 6b 20 73 70 |rom one |shark sp|
|00002c40| 65 63 69 65 73 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 78 |ecies to| the nex|
|00002c50| 74 2e 20 4c 61 72 67 65 | 2c 20 66 61 73 74 2d 6d |t. Large|, fast-m|
|00002c60| 6f 76 69 6e 67 20 73 68 | 61 72 6b 73 20 6c 69 6b |oving sh|arks lik|
|00002c70| 65 20 74 68 65 20 68 61 | 6d 6d 65 72 68 65 61 64 |e the ha|mmerhead|
|00002c80| 20 61 6e 64 20 64 75 73 | 6b 79 20 73 68 61 72 6b | and dus|ky shark|
|00002c90| 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 69 | 67 67 65 72 20 62 72 61 | have bi|gger bra|
|00002ca0| 69 6e 73 2c 20 70 72 6f | 62 61 62 6c 79 20 62 65 |ins, pro|bably be|
|00002cb0| 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 79 20 73 70 65 6e 64 |cause th|ey spend|
|00002cc0| 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 69 | 6d 65 20 68 75 6e 74 69 | more ti|me hunti|
|00002cd0| 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 72 61 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 |ng and t|racking |
|00002ce0| 70 72 65 79 2e 20 53 6c | 6f 77 65 72 2c 20 62 6f |prey. Sl|ower, bo|
|00002cf0| 74 74 6f 6d 2d 64 77 65 | 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 73 68 |ttom-dwe|lling sh|
|00002d00| 61 72 6b 73 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 66 69 6e 64 |arks, wh|ich find|
|00002d10| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 66 | most of| their f|
|00002d20| 6f 6f 64 20 69 6e 20 6f | 6e 65 20 70 6c 61 63 65 |ood in o|ne place|
|00002d30| 2c 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 68 61 76 65 |, genera|lly have|
|00002d40| 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 65 72 | 20 62 72 61 69 6e 73 2e | smaller| brains.|
|00002d50| 20 0d 09 53 68 61 72 6b | 20 62 72 61 69 6e 73 20 | ..Shark| brains |
|00002d60| 61 72 65 20 64 69 76 69 | 64 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f |are divi|ded into|
|00002d70| 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 6c | 61 72 67 65 20 73 65 67 | three l|arge seg|
|00002d80| 6d 65 6e 74 73 3a 20 61 | 20 66 6f 72 65 62 72 61 |ments: a| forebra|
|00002d90| 69 6e 2c 20 61 20 6d 69 | 64 62 72 61 69 6e 20 61 |in, a mi|dbrain a|
|00002da0| 6e 64 20 61 20 68 69 6e | 64 62 72 61 69 6e 2e 20 |nd a hin|dbrain. |
|00002db0| 45 61 63 68 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 73 65 20 73 65 |Each of |these se|
|00002dc0| 67 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 69 | 73 20 72 65 73 70 6f 6e |gments i|s respon|
|00002dd0| 73 69 62 6c 65 20 66 6f | 72 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f |sible fo|r contro|
|00002de0| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 61 20 | 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e |lling a |differen|
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|00002e00| 61 72 6b 27 73 20 62 6f | 64 69 6c 79 20 66 75 6e |ark's bo|dily fun|
|00002e10| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 | 0d 02 dc 53 68 61 72 6b |ctions. |...Shark|
|00002e20| 20 48 65 61 72 74 0d 0d | 53 48 41 52 4b 20 48 45 | Heart..|SHARK HE|
|00002e30| 41 52 54 20 0d 09 4c 69 | 6b 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 |ART ..Li|ke other|
|00002e40| 20 66 69 73 68 20 68 65 | 61 72 74 73 2c 20 74 68 | fish he|arts, th|
|00002e50| 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b 20 | 68 65 61 72 74 20 69 73 |e shark |heart is|
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|00002e70| 61 6d 62 65 72 73 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 6f 73 65 64 20 |ambers c|omposed |
|00002e80| 6f 66 20 61 20 70 6f 77 | 65 72 66 75 6c 20 6d 75 |of a pow|erful mu|
|00002e90| 73 63 75 6c 61 72 20 74 | 69 73 73 75 65 2e 20 54 |scular t|issue. T|
|00002ea0| 68 65 20 63 68 61 6d 62 | 65 72 73 20 77 6f 72 6b |he chamb|ers work|
|00002eb0| 20 74 6f 67 65 74 68 65 | 72 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6c | togethe|r to col|
|00002ec0| 6c 65 63 74 20 62 6c 6f | 6f 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |lect blo|od from |
|00002ed0| 74 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 | 6b 27 73 20 62 6f 64 79 |the shar|k's body|
|00002ee0| 2c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 70 | 75 6d 70 20 69 74 20 74 |, then p|ump it t|
|00002ef0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 67 69 | 6c 6c 73 20 77 68 65 72 |o the gi|lls wher|
|00002f00| 65 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 65 6e 72 69 63 68 65 64 |e it is |enriched|
|00002f10| 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f 78 | 79 67 65 6e 2e 20 0d 09 | with ox|ygen. ..|
|00002f20| 4f 6e 63 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 68 |Once the| blood h|
|00002f30| 61 73 20 70 61 73 73 65 | 64 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 |as passe|d throug|
|00002f40| 68 20 74 68 65 20 67 69 | 6c 6c 73 2c 20 69 74 20 |h the gi|lls, it |
|00002f50| 69 73 20 70 75 6d 70 65 | 64 20 62 61 63 6b 20 6f |is pumpe|d back o|
|00002f60| 75 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b 27 |ut to th|e shark'|
|00002f70| 73 20 62 6f 64 79 2e 20 | 42 6c 6f 6f 64 20 76 65 |s body. |Blood ve|
|00002f80| 73 73 65 6c 73 20 6b 6e | 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 20 76 |ssels kn|own as v|
|00002f90| 65 69 6e 73 20 74 72 61 | 6e 73 70 6f 72 74 20 74 |eins tra|nsport t|
|00002fa0| 68 65 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |he blood| from th|
|00002fb0| 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b 27 | 73 20 62 6f 64 79 20 74 |e shark'|s body t|
|00002fc0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 68 65 | 61 72 74 2e 20 56 65 73 |o the he|art. Ves|
|00002fd0| 73 65 6c 73 20 6b 6e 6f | 77 6e 20 61 73 20 61 72 |sels kno|wn as ar|
|00002fe0| 74 65 72 69 65 73 20 63 | 61 72 72 79 20 74 68 65 |teries c|arry the|
|00002ff0| 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 6f | 75 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | blood o|ut of th|
|00003000| 65 20 68 65 61 72 74 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 67 |e heart |to the g|
|00003010| 69 6c 6c 73 2c 20 74 68 | 65 6e 20 62 61 63 6b 20 |ills, th|en back |
|00003020| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 |to the d|ifferent|
|00003030| 20 70 61 72 74 73 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 68 | parts o|f the sh|
|00003040| 61 72 6b 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 73 69 7a 65 20 6f 66 |ark. The| size of|
|00003050| 20 74 68 65 20 68 65 61 | 72 74 20 64 65 70 65 6e | the hea|rt depen|
|00003060| 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6b 69 6e 64 20 6f |ds on th|e kind o|
|00003070| 66 20 73 68 61 72 6b 20 | 69 74 20 62 65 6c 6f 6e |f shark |it belon|
|00003080| 67 73 20 74 6f 2e 20 48 | 69 67 68 6c 79 20 61 63 |gs to. H|ighly ac|
|00003090| 74 69 76 65 20 73 68 61 | 72 6b 73 20 73 75 63 68 |tive sha|rks such|
|000030a0| 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 6d 61 6b 6f 20 6f 72 20 | as the |mako or |
|000030b0| 67 72 65 79 20 73 68 61 | 72 6b 20 68 61 76 65 20 |grey sha|rk have |
|000030c0| 6c 61 72 67 65 72 20 68 | 65 61 72 74 73 20 74 68 |larger h|earts th|
|000030d0| 61 6e 20 64 6f 20 73 6c | 6f 77 65 72 20 73 68 61 |an do sl|ower sha|
|000030e0| 72 6b 73 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 72 65 6d 61 69 |rks, whi|ch remai|
|000030f0| 6e 20 69 6e 20 61 20 73 | 6d 61 6c 6c 20 61 72 65 |n in a s|mall are|
|00003100| 61 2e 20 0d 04 f0 53 68 | 61 72 6b 20 53 74 6f 6d |a. ...Sh|ark Stom|
|00003110| 61 63 68 0d 0d 53 48 41 | 52 4b 20 53 54 4f 4d 41 |ach..SHA|RK STOMA|
|00003120| 43 48 20 0d 09 41 6c 6c | 20 73 68 61 72 6b 73 20 |CH ..All| sharks |
|00003130| 61 72 65 20 62 69 67 20 | 65 61 74 65 72 73 2e 20 |are big |eaters. |
|00003140| 41 6e 64 20 62 65 63 61 | 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 79 |And beca|use they|
|00003150| 20 61 72 65 20 62 69 67 | 20 65 61 74 65 72 73 2c | are big| eaters,|
|00003160| 20 74 68 65 79 20 6e 65 | 65 64 20 61 20 6c 61 72 | they ne|ed a lar|
|00003170| 67 65 20 73 74 6f 6d 61 | 63 68 20 74 6f 20 68 6f |ge stoma|ch to ho|
|00003180| 6c 64 20 74 68 65 69 72 | 20 66 6f 6f 64 2e 20 53 |ld their| food. S|
|00003190| 6f 6d 65 20 73 68 61 72 | 6b 73 20 6b 65 65 70 20 |ome shar|ks keep |
|000031a0| 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 6a 75 73 74 20 66 |more tha|n just f|
|000031b0| 6f 6f 64 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 73 74 6f |ood in t|heir sto|
|000031c0| 6d 61 63 68 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 73 74 6f 6d 61 63 |mach. Th|e stomac|
|000031d0| 68 73 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 | 6e 79 20 63 61 70 74 75 |hs of ma|ny captu|
|000031e0| 72 65 64 20 73 68 61 72 | 6b 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |red shar|ks have |
|000031f0| 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 | 20 69 74 65 6d 73 20 73 |included| items s|
|00003200| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 63 | 61 6e 73 2c 20 73 68 6f |uch as c|ans, sho|
|00003210| 65 73 2d 2d 65 76 65 6e | 20 74 69 72 65 73 2e 20 |es--even| tires. |
|00003220| 0d 09 4d 6f 73 74 20 73 | 68 61 72 6b 73 20 65 61 |..Most s|harks ea|
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|00003250| 20 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 74 61 6b 65 73 20 32 | usually| takes 2|
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|00003280| 65 73 74 20 69 74 73 20 | 66 6f 6f 64 2e 20 53 6f |est its |food. So|
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|000032a0| 74 68 65 20 67 72 65 61 | 74 20 77 68 69 74 65 20 |the grea|t white |
|000032b0| 73 68 61 72 6b 2c 20 63 | 61 6e 20 65 61 74 20 61 |shark, c|an eat a|
|000032c0| 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 | 65 6e 6f 72 6d 6f 75 73 | single |enormous|
|000032d0| 20 6d 65 61 6c 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 77 | meal an|d then w|
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|000032f0| 77 6f 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 | 73 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 |wo month|s before|
|00003300| 20 66 65 65 64 69 6e 67 | 20 61 67 61 69 6e 2e 20 | feeding| again. |
|00003310| 4f 6e 63 65 20 61 20 73 | 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 66 |Once a s|hark's f|
|00003320| 6f 6f 64 20 69 73 20 73 | 77 61 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 |ood is s|wallowed|
|00003330| 2c 20 69 74 20 65 6e 74 | 65 72 73 20 74 68 65 20 |, it ent|ers the |
|00003340| 73 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 20 | 77 68 65 72 65 20 69 74 |stomach |where it|
|00003350| 20 69 73 20 62 72 6f 6b | 65 6e 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 | is brok|en down |
|00003360| 62 79 20 64 69 67 65 73 | 74 69 76 65 20 65 6e 7a |by diges|tive enz|
|00003370| 79 6d 65 73 20 69 6e 74 | 6f 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 |ymes int|o small |
|00003380| 70 69 65 63 65 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 |pieces t|hat are |
|00003390| 6d 6f 72 65 20 65 61 73 | 69 6c 79 20 64 69 67 65 |more eas|ily dige|
|000033a0| 73 74 65 64 2e 20 41 66 | 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 |sted. Af|ter the |
|000033b0| 66 6f 6f 64 20 6d 6f 76 | 65 73 20 74 68 72 6f 75 |food mov|es throu|
|000033c0| 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 2c 20 |gh the s|tomach, |
|000033d0| 69 74 20 70 61 73 73 65 | 73 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 |it passe|s into t|
|000033e0| 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 27 73 20 69 6e 74 65 73 |he shark|'s intes|
|000033f0| 74 69 6e 65 2c 20 77 68 | 65 72 65 20 6d 75 63 68 |tine, wh|ere much|
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|00003410| 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b 27 |ed by th|e shark'|
|00003420| 73 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 75 73 65 64 |s blood |and used|
|00003430| 20 61 73 20 66 75 65 6c | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | as fuel| for the|
|00003440| 20 73 68 61 72 6b 27 73 | 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 | shark's| physica|
|00003450| 6c 20 61 63 74 69 76 69 | 74 69 65 73 2e 20 0d 09 |l activi|ties. ..|
|00003460| 4a 75 73 74 20 62 65 6c | 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 73 |Just bel|ow the s|
|00003470| 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 73 | 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 20 69 |hark's s|tomach i|
|00003480| 73 20 69 74 73 20 6c 69 | 76 65 72 2e 20 41 6c 6d |s its li|ver. Alm|
|00003490| 6f 73 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 73 68 61 72 6b 73 20 68 |ost all |sharks h|
|000034a0| 61 76 65 20 61 6e 20 65 | 6e 6f 72 6d 6f 75 73 20 |ave an e|normous |
|000034b0| 6c 69 76 65 72 20 74 6f | 20 68 65 6c 70 20 74 68 |liver to| help th|
|000034c0| 65 6d 20 72 65 6d 61 69 | 6e 20 62 75 6f 79 61 6e |em remai|n buoyan|
|000034d0| 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 77 61 74 65 72 2e 20 |t in the| water. |
|000034e0| 55 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 66 69 73 |Unlike o|ther fis|
|000034f0| 68 2c 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 73 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 |h, shark|s do not|
|00003500| 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 | 73 77 69 6d 20 62 6c 61 | have a |swim bla|
|00003510| 64 64 65 72 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 68 65 6c 70 |dder, wh|ich help|
|00003520| 73 20 74 6f 20 6b 65 65 | 70 20 61 20 66 69 73 68 |s to kee|p a fish|
|00003530| 27 73 20 62 6f 64 79 20 | 73 74 61 62 6c 65 20 69 |'s body |stable i|
|00003540| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 | 74 65 72 2e 20 54 6f 20 |n the wa|ter. To |
|00003550| 6d 61 6b 65 20 75 70 20 | 66 6f 72 20 74 68 69 73 |make up |for this|
|00003560| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 68 | 61 72 6b 27 73 20 6c 61 |, the sh|ark's la|
|00003570| 72 67 65 20 6c 69 76 65 | 72 20 69 73 20 66 69 6c |rge live|r is fil|
|00003580| 6c 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 6f 69 6c 20 74 68 61 |led with| oil tha|
|00003590| 74 20 69 73 20 6c 69 67 | 68 74 65 72 20 74 68 61 |t is lig|hter tha|
|000035a0| 6e 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 | 73 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 |n water |so the s|
|000035b0| 68 61 72 6b 20 61 63 74 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 63 61 |hark act|ually ca|
|000035c0| 6e 20 66 6c 6f 61 74 2e | 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 73 68 |n float.| Some sh|
|000035d0| 61 72 6b 27 73 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 6c 69 76 65 72 |ark's ha|ve liver|
|000035e0| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 | 65 69 67 68 20 61 73 20 |s that w|eigh as |
|000035f0| 6d 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 | 32 30 30 20 70 6f 75 6e |much as |200 poun|
|00003600| 64 73 2e 20 0d 01 98 4c | 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 47 |ds. ...L|obster G|
|00003610| 69 6c 6c 73 0d 0d 4c 4f | 42 53 54 45 52 20 47 49 |ills..LO|BSTER GI|
|00003620| 4c 4c 53 20 0d 09 41 20 | 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 27 |LLS ..A |lobster'|
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|000036a0| 72 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 69 72 |r and in|to their|
|000036b0| 20 67 69 6c 6c 73 20 62 | 79 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 | gills b|y consta|
|000036c0| 6e 74 6c 79 20 77 61 76 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 69 |ntly wav|ing thei|
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|000036e0| 79 67 65 6e 20 68 61 73 | 20 62 65 65 6e 20 72 65 |ygen has| been re|
|000036f0| 6d 6f 76 65 64 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 77 |moved fr|om the w|
|00003700| 61 74 65 72 20 62 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 67 69 6c 6c |ater by |the gill|
|00003710| 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 61 74 65 72 20 70 61 73 |s, the w|ater pas|
|00003720| 73 65 73 20 6f 75 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c |ses out |of the l|
|00003730| 6f 62 73 74 65 72 27 73 | 20 62 6f 64 79 20 74 68 |obster's| body th|
|00003740| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 61 6e | 20 6f 70 65 6e 69 6e 67 |rough an| opening|
|00003750| 20 6e 65 61 72 20 69 74 | 73 20 6d 6f 75 74 68 2e | near it|s mouth.|
|00003760| 20 54 68 65 20 66 65 6d | 61 6c 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 | The fem|ale lobs|
|00003770| 74 65 72 73 20 63 61 72 | 72 79 20 74 68 65 69 72 |ters car|ry their|
|00003780| 20 65 67 67 73 20 62 65 | 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 68 | eggs be|tween th|
|00003790| 65 69 72 20 67 69 6c 6c | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 6f |eir gill|s and lo|
|000037a0| 77 65 72 20 61 62 64 6f | 6d 65 6e 2e 20 0d 01 be |wer abdo|men. ...|
|000037b0| 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 | 41 6e 74 65 6e 6e 61 65 |Lobster |Antennae|
|000037c0| 0d 0d 4c 4f 42 53 54 45 | 52 20 41 4e 54 45 4e 4e |..LOBSTE|R ANTENN|
|000037d0| 41 45 20 0d 09 54 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 |AE ..The| lobster|
|000037e0| 27 73 20 6c 6f 6e 67 2c | 20 73 65 6e 73 69 74 69 |'s long,| sensiti|
|000037f0| 76 65 20 61 6e 74 65 6e | 6e 61 65 20 61 72 65 20 |ve anten|nae are |
|00003800| 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 68 65 6c 70 20 69 74 20 |used to |help it |
|00003810| 6c 65 61 72 6e 20 61 62 | 6f 75 74 20 61 70 70 72 |learn ab|out appr|
|00003820| 6f 61 63 68 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 2e |oaching |objects.|
|00003830| 20 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | 73 20 77 61 76 65 20 74 | Lobster|s wave t|
|00003840| 68 65 69 72 20 61 6e 74 | 65 6e 6e 61 65 20 69 6e |heir ant|ennae in|
|00003850| 20 66 72 6f 6e 74 20 74 | 68 65 6d 20 61 73 20 74 | front t|hem as t|
|00003860| 68 65 79 20 77 61 6c 6b | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 61 6e |hey walk|. The an|
|00003870| 74 65 6e 6e 61 65 20 74 | 65 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 |tennae t|ell the |
|00003880| 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 | 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 |lobster |whether |
|00003890| 74 6f 20 61 74 74 61 63 | 6b 20 6f 72 20 72 65 74 |to attac|k or ret|
|000038a0| 72 65 61 74 2e 20 53 6f | 6d 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 |reat. So|me lobst|
|000038b0| 65 72 73 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 61 6e 74 65 6e 6e 61 |ers have| antenna|
|000038c0| 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 | 72 65 20 73 6f 20 73 65 |e that a|re so se|
|000038d0| 6e 73 69 74 69 76 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |nsitive |that the|
|000038e0| 79 20 63 61 6e 20 22 73 | 6d 65 6c 6c 22 20 63 65 |y can "s|mell" ce|
|000038f0| 72 74 61 69 6e 20 6b 69 | 6e 64 73 20 6f 66 20 75 |rtain ki|nds of u|
|00003900| 6e 64 65 72 73 65 61 20 | 6c 69 66 65 20 66 6f 72 |ndersea |life for|
|00003910| 6d 73 2e 20 4f 74 68 65 | 72 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 |ms. Othe|r lobste|
|00003920| 72 73 20 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 61 6e 74 |rs use t|heir ant|
|00003930| 65 6e 6e 61 65 20 74 6f | 20 63 68 75 72 6e 20 75 |ennae to| churn u|
|00003940| 70 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 | 74 65 72 20 69 6e 20 66 |p the wa|ter in f|
|00003950| 72 6f 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 6d 20 61 6e 64 |ront of |them and|
|00003960| 20 64 72 61 77 20 66 6f | 6f 64 20 74 6f 77 61 72 | draw fo|od towar|
|00003970| 64 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 6d 6f 75 74 68 2e 20 0d |d their |mouth. .|
|00003980| 02 7f 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 | 72 20 53 68 65 6c 6c 0d |..Lobste|r Shell.|
|00003990| 0d 4c 4f 42 53 54 45 52 | 20 53 48 45 4c 4c 20 0d |.LOBSTER| SHELL .|
|000039a0| 09 41 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 | 65 72 27 73 20 73 68 65 |.A lobst|er's she|
|000039b0| 6c 6c 20 69 73 20 76 65 | 72 79 20 68 61 72 64 20 |ll is ve|ry hard |
|000039c0| 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 76 65 | 72 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 |and cove|red with|
|000039d0| 20 73 68 61 72 70 20 73 | 70 69 6e 65 73 2c 20 77 | sharp s|pines, w|
|000039e0| 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 | 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f |hich are| used to|
|000039f0| 20 77 61 72 64 20 6f 66 | 66 20 65 6e 65 6d 69 65 | ward of|f enemie|
|00003a00| 73 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 73 68 65 6c 6c 20 69 73 |s. This |shell is|
|00003a10| 20 6d 61 64 65 20 75 70 | 20 6f 66 20 64 69 66 66 | made up| of diff|
|00003a20| 65 72 65 6e 74 20 70 69 | 65 63 65 73 20 74 68 61 |erent pi|eces tha|
|00003a30| 74 20 61 72 65 20 63 6f | 6e 6e 65 63 74 65 64 20 |t are co|nnected |
|00003a40| 74 6f 20 65 61 63 68 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 61 74 |to each |other at|
|00003a50| 20 6a 6f 69 6e 74 73 20 | 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 | joints |around t|
|00003a60| 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 | 65 72 27 73 20 62 6f 64 |he lobst|er's bod|
|00003a70| 79 2e 20 45 76 65 72 79 | 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 74 |y. Every| three t|
|00003a80| 6f 20 66 6f 75 72 20 6d | 6f 6e 74 68 73 2c 20 61 |o four m|onths, a|
|00003a90| 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | 20 6f 75 74 67 72 6f 77 | lobster| outgrow|
|00003aa0| 73 20 69 74 73 20 73 68 | 65 6c 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 |s its sh|ell and |
|00003ab0| 6d 75 73 74 20 72 65 70 | 6c 61 63 65 20 69 74 20 |must rep|lace it |
|00003ac0| 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 6e | 65 77 20 6f 6e 65 2e 20 |with a n|ew one. |
|00003ad0| 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 68 61 70 70 65 6e |When thi|s happen|
|00003ae0| 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6c | 6f 62 73 74 65 72 27 73 |s, the l|obster's|
|00003af0| 20 6f 6c 64 20 73 68 65 | 6c 6c 20 62 65 63 6f 6d | old she|ll becom|
|00003b00| 65 73 20 73 6f 66 74 20 | 61 6e 64 20 66 61 6c 6c |es soft |and fall|
|00003b10| 73 20 6f 66 66 20 69 74 | 73 20 62 6f 64 79 2e 20 |s off it|s body. |
|00003b20| 49 74 20 74 68 65 6e 20 | 74 61 6b 65 73 20 74 68 |It then |takes th|
|00003b30| 72 65 65 20 74 6f 20 66 | 6f 75 72 20 68 6f 75 72 |ree to f|our hour|
|00003b40| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 |s for th|e lobste|
|00003b50| 72 27 73 20 6e 65 77 20 | 73 6b 69 6e 20 75 6e 64 |r's new |skin und|
|00003b60| 65 72 6e 65 61 74 68 20 | 74 6f 20 68 61 72 64 65 |erneath |to harde|
|00003b70| 6e 2e 20 44 75 72 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 |n. Durin|g this t|
|00003b80| 69 6d 65 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 |ime, the| lobster|
|00003b90| 20 69 73 20 61 6c 6d 6f | 73 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c | is almo|st compl|
|00003ba0| 65 74 65 6c 79 20 68 65 | 6c 70 6c 65 73 73 20 61 |etely he|lpless a|
|00003bb0| 6e 64 20 6f 66 74 65 6e | 20 68 69 64 65 73 20 64 |nd often| hides d|
|00003bc0| 65 65 70 20 69 6e 20 63 | 61 76 65 73 20 73 6f 20 |eep in c|aves so |
|00003bd0| 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f 74 |that it |will not|
|00003be0| 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 61 20 74 61 73 74 79 20 | become |a tasty |
|00003bf0| 74 72 65 61 74 20 66 6f | 72 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 6c |treat fo|r some l|
|00003c00| 75 63 6b 79 20 70 72 65 | 64 61 74 6f 72 2e 20 0d |ucky pre|dator. .|
|00003c10| 02 10 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 | 72 20 50 69 6e 63 65 72 |..Lobste|r Pincer|
|00003c20| 0d 0d 4c 4f 42 53 54 45 | 52 20 50 49 4e 43 45 52 |..LOBSTE|R PINCER|
|00003c30| 20 0d 09 54 68 65 20 6c | 61 72 67 65 20 63 6c 61 | ..The l|arge cla|
|00003c40| 77 73 20 6f 72 20 70 69 | 6e 63 65 72 73 20 61 72 |ws or pi|ncers ar|
|00003c50| 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 |e found |on the f|
|00003c60| 69 72 73 74 20 6f 66 20 | 66 69 76 65 20 77 61 6c |irst of |five wal|
|00003c70| 6b 69 6e 67 20 6c 65 67 | 73 20 6f 6e 20 65 61 63 |king leg|s on eac|
|00003c80| 68 20 73 69 64 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f |h side o|f the lo|
|00003c90| 62 73 74 65 72 2e 20 54 | 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 |bster. T|hey are |
|00003ca0| 75 73 65 64 20 66 6f 72 | 20 6d 6f 76 69 6e 67 20 |used for| moving |
|00003cb0| 6f 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 63 65 61 6e 20 66 |over the| ocean f|
|00003cc0| 6c 6f 6f 72 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 66 6f 72 20 67 72 |loor, an|d for gr|
|00003cd0| 61 73 70 69 6e 67 20 66 | 6f 6f 64 20 77 68 69 6c |asping f|ood whil|
|00003ce0| 65 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 62 65 69 6e 67 20 74 6f |e it is |being to|
|00003cf0| 72 6e 20 61 70 61 72 74 | 2e 20 41 20 6c 6f 62 73 |rn apart|. A lobs|
|00003d00| 74 65 72 27 73 20 70 69 | 6e 63 65 72 20 69 73 20 |ter's pi|ncer is |
|00003d10| 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 6d 75 73 63 |loaded w|ith musc|
|00003d20| 6c 65 2c 20 67 69 76 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6c |le, givi|ng the l|
|00003d30| 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 61 | 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 |obster a| powerfu|
|00003d40| 6c 20 67 72 69 70 2e 20 | 45 61 63 68 20 70 69 6e |l grip. |Each pin|
|00003d50| 63 65 72 20 69 73 20 61 | 6c 73 6f 20 65 71 75 69 |cer is a|lso equi|
|00003d60| 70 70 65 64 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 73 74 72 6f 6e 67 |pped wit|h strong|
|00003d70| 2c 20 73 74 69 66 66 20 | 62 72 69 73 74 6c 65 73 |, stiff |bristles|
|00003d80| 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 69 70 73 20 66 6f 72 | at the |tips for|
|00003d90| 20 67 72 61 73 70 69 6e | 67 2e 20 4f 66 74 65 6e | graspin|g. Often|
|00003da0| 2c 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 | 72 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |, lobste|rs will |
|00003db0| 6c 6f 73 65 20 61 20 6c | 61 72 67 65 20 70 69 6e |lose a l|arge pin|
|00003dc0| 63 65 72 20 69 6e 20 63 | 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 77 69 |cer in c|ombat wi|
|00003dd0| 74 68 20 61 20 70 72 65 | 64 61 74 6f 72 20 6f 72 |th a pre|dator or|
|00003de0| 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 | another| lobster|
|00003df0| 2e 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 6c | 6f 62 73 74 65 72 73 20 |. Some l|obsters |
|00003e00| 63 61 6e 20 67 72 6f 77 | 20 62 61 63 6b 20 74 68 |can grow| back th|
|00003e10| 65 20 6c 6f 73 74 20 70 | 69 6e 63 65 72 20 69 6e |e lost p|incer in|
|00003e20| 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c | 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 73 2e | several| months.|
|00003e30| 20 0d 02 1e 4c 6f 62 73 | 74 65 72 20 45 79 65 73 | ...Lobs|ter Eyes|
|00003e40| 0d 0d 4c 4f 42 53 54 45 | 52 20 45 59 45 53 20 0d |..LOBSTE|R EYES .|
|00003e50| 09 41 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 | 65 72 27 73 20 65 79 65 |.A lobst|er's eye|
|00003e60| 20 69 73 20 6c 6f 63 61 | 74 65 64 20 61 74 20 74 | is loca|ted at t|
|00003e70| 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f | 66 20 61 20 6c 6f 6e 67 |he end o|f a long|
|00003e80| 2c 20 6d 6f 76 61 62 6c | 65 20 73 74 61 6c 6b 2e |, movabl|e stalk.|
|00003e90| 20 54 68 65 20 65 79 65 | 20 68 61 73 20 61 20 68 | The eye| has a h|
|00003ea0| 61 72 64 2c 20 63 75 72 | 76 65 64 20 73 75 72 66 |ard, cur|ved surf|
|00003eb0| 61 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 69 73 20 6d 61 64 65 |ace that| is made|
|00003ec0| 20 75 70 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 6f 75 73 61 6e 64 73 | up of t|housands|
|00003ed0| 20 6f 66 20 74 69 6e 79 | 20 6c 65 6e 73 65 73 2e | of tiny| lenses.|
|00003ee0| 20 45 61 63 68 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 6c | Each of| these l|
|00003ef0| 65 6e 73 65 73 20 61 63 | 74 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 |enses ac|ts like |
|00003f00| 61 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 | 74 65 20 65 79 65 2c 20 |a separa|te eye, |
|00003f10| 64 65 74 65 63 74 69 6e | 67 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 |detectin|g differ|
|00003f20| 65 6e 63 65 73 20 69 6e | 20 6c 69 67 68 74 20 61 |ences in| light a|
|00003f30| 6e 64 20 64 61 72 6b 2e | 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 6c 6f |nd dark.| Some lo|
|00003f40| 62 73 74 65 72 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 63 61 70 61 62 |bsters a|re capab|
|00003f50| 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 73 65 | 65 69 6e 67 20 63 65 72 |le of se|eing cer|
|00003f60| 74 61 69 6e 20 63 6f 6c | 6f 72 73 20 73 75 63 68 |tain col|ors such|
|00003f70| 20 61 73 20 62 6c 75 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 67 72 65 | as blue| and gre|
|00003f80| 65 6e 2e 20 42 65 63 61 | 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 |en. Beca|use the |
|00003f90| 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 20 | 6f 66 20 61 20 6c 6f 62 |surface |of a lob|
|00003fa0| 73 74 65 72 27 73 20 65 | 79 65 20 69 73 20 73 6f |ster's e|ye is so|
|00003fb0| 20 6c 61 72 67 65 2c 20 | 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 73 | large, |lobsters|
|00003fc0| 20 73 65 65 20 6d 6f 76 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6f | see mov|ements o|
|00003fd0| 76 65 72 20 61 20 76 65 | 72 79 20 77 69 64 65 20 |ver a ve|ry wide |
|00003fe0| 61 6e 67 6c 65 2c 20 6c | 69 6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 |angle, l|ike the |
|00003ff0| 77 69 64 65 2d 61 6e 67 | 6c 65 20 6c 65 6e 73 20 |wide-ang|le lens |
|00004000| 6f 66 20 61 20 63 61 6d | 65 72 61 2e 20 4c 6f 62 |of a cam|era. Lob|
|00004010| 73 74 65 72 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 70 72 6f 62 61 62 |sters ar|e probab|
|00004020| 6c 79 20 61 62 6c 65 20 | 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 |ly able |to make |
|00004030| 6f 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 6f 72 6d 73 20 61 6e |out the |forms an|
|00004040| 64 20 73 68 61 70 65 73 | 20 6f 66 20 64 69 66 66 |d shapes| of diff|
|00004050| 65 72 65 6e 74 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 73 2e 20 0d |erent ob|jects. .|
|00004060| 01 38 4c 6f 62 73 74 65 | 72 20 54 61 69 6c 0d 0d |.8Lobste|r Tail..|
|00004070| 4c 4f 42 53 54 45 52 20 | 54 41 49 4c 20 0d 09 54 |LOBSTER |TAIL ..T|
|00004080| 68 65 20 6c 6f 62 73 74 | 65 72 20 68 61 73 20 73 |he lobst|er has s|
|00004090| 74 72 6f 6e 67 20 6d 75 | 73 63 6c 65 73 20 69 6e |trong mu|scles in|
|000040a0| 20 69 74 73 20 74 61 69 | 6c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | its tai|l which |
|000040b0| 63 61 6e 20 70 75 6c 6c | 20 74 68 65 20 74 61 69 |can pull| the tai|
|000040c0| 6c 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 61 | 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 77 61 |l down a|nd forwa|
|000040d0| 72 64 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 71 75 69 63 6b 6c 79 2e |rd very |quickly.|
|000040e0| 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d 6f | 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 | This mo|vement c|
|000040f0| 61 6e 20 70 72 6f 70 65 | 6c 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f |an prope|l the lo|
|00004100| 62 73 74 65 72 20 62 61 | 63 6b 77 61 72 64 20 61 |bster ba|ckward a|
|00004110| 74 20 68 69 67 68 20 73 | 70 65 65 64 73 20 62 79 |t high s|peeds by|
|00004120| 20 70 75 73 68 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 74 | pushing| the wat|
|00004130| 65 72 20 62 65 6e 65 61 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 74 |er benea|th the t|
|00004140| 61 69 6c 20 66 6f 72 77 | 61 72 64 2e 20 57 68 65 |ail forw|ard. Whe|
|00004150| 6e 20 74 68 72 65 61 74 | 65 6e 65 64 2c 20 61 20 |n threat|ened, a |
|00004160| 6c 6f 62 73 74 65 72 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f 66 74 |lobster |will oft|
|00004170| 65 6e 20 75 73 65 20 69 | 74 73 20 74 61 69 6c 20 |en use i|ts tail |
|00004180| 74 6f 20 6d 6f 76 65 20 | 62 61 63 6b 77 61 72 64 |to move |backward|
|00004190| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 77 61 | 79 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 64 | and awa|y from d|
|000041a0| 61 6e 67 65 72 2e 20 0d | 02 32 4f 63 74 6f 70 75 |anger. .|.2Octopu|
|000041b0| 73 20 41 72 6d 73 0d 0d | 4f 43 54 4f 50 55 53 20 |s Arms..|OCTOPUS |
|000041c0| 41 52 4d 53 20 0d 09 41 | 6e 20 6f 63 74 6f 70 75 |ARMS ..A|n octopu|
|000041d0| 73 20 68 61 73 20 65 69 | 67 68 74 20 66 6c 65 78 |s has ei|ght flex|
|000041e0| 69 62 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6d 75 73 63 75 6c 61 |ible and| muscula|
|000041f0| 72 20 61 72 6d 73 2e 20 | 45 61 63 68 20 6f 66 20 |r arms. |Each of |
|00004200| 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 72 | 6d 73 20 68 61 73 20 73 |these ar|ms has s|
|00004210| 75 63 6b 65 72 73 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |uckers o|n the in|
|00004220| 73 69 64 65 20 65 64 67 | 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 69 |side edg|es and i|
|00004230| 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 62 | 6f 74 68 20 66 6f 72 20 |s used b|oth for |
|00004240| 77 61 6c 6b 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 |walking |over the|
|00004250| 20 6f 63 65 61 6e 20 66 | 6c 6f 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 | ocean f|loor and|
|00004260| 20 66 6f 72 20 68 6f 6c | 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 74 | for hol|ding ont|
|00004270| 6f 20 70 72 65 79 20 77 | 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |o prey w|hen the |
|00004280| 6f 63 74 6f 70 75 73 20 | 69 73 20 65 61 74 69 6e |octopus |is eatin|
|00004290| 67 2e 20 41 6e 20 6f 63 | 74 6f 70 75 73 27 73 20 |g. An oc|topus's |
|000042a0| 61 72 6d 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 68 69 67 68 6c 79 20 |arms are| highly |
|000042b0| 73 65 6e 73 69 74 69 76 | 65 20 74 6f 20 74 6f 75 |sensitiv|e to tou|
|000042c0| 63 68 20 61 6e 64 20 63 | 61 6e 20 6d 61 6e 69 70 |ch and c|an manip|
|000042d0| 75 6c 61 74 65 20 76 65 | 72 79 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c |ulate ve|ry small|
|000042e0| 2c 20 66 72 61 67 69 6c | 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |, fragil|e object|
|000042f0| 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 69 | 6e 73 69 64 65 20 6f 66 |s. The i|nside of|
|00004300| 20 65 61 63 68 20 6f 66 | 20 61 6e 20 6f 63 74 6f | each of| an octo|
|00004310| 70 75 73 27 73 20 73 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 75 |pus's su|ction cu|
|00004320| 70 73 20 69 73 20 6c 69 | 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 6e |ps is li|ned by n|
|00004330| 65 72 76 65 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 64 |erves th|at can d|
|00004340| 65 74 65 63 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 |etect th|e differ|
|00004350| 65 6e 63 65 73 20 62 65 | 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 68 |ences be|tween th|
|00004360| 65 20 74 69 6e 69 65 73 | 74 20 73 68 61 70 65 73 |e tinies|t shapes|
|00004370| 2e 20 46 65 6d 61 6c 65 | 20 6f 63 74 6f 70 75 73 |. Female| octopus|
|00004380| 65 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 73 70 |es will |often sp|
|00004390| 65 6e 64 20 6d 6f 6e 74 | 68 73 20 6d 6f 76 69 6e |end mont|hs movin|
|000043a0| 67 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6c | 65 61 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 |g and cl|eaning t|
|000043b0| 68 65 69 72 20 66 72 61 | 67 69 6c 65 20 65 67 67 |heir fra|gile egg|
|000043c0| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6e | 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |s, and n|one of t|
|000043d0| 68 65 20 65 67 67 73 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 |he eggs |will be |
|000043e0| 64 61 6d 61 67 65 64 2e | 20 0d 02 52 4f 63 74 6f |damaged.| ..ROcto|
|000043f0| 70 75 73 20 45 79 65 73 | 0d 0d 4f 43 54 4f 50 55 |pus Eyes|..OCTOPU|
|00004400| 53 20 45 59 45 20 0d 09 | 55 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 6d |S EYE ..|Unlike m|
|00004410| 61 6e 79 20 75 6e 64 65 | 72 73 65 61 20 68 75 6e |any unde|rsea hun|
|00004420| 74 65 72 73 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 63 74 6f 70 75 |ters, th|e octopu|
|00004430| 73 20 72 65 6c 69 65 73 | 20 61 6c 6d 6f 73 74 20 |s relies| almost |
|00004440| 65 6e 74 69 72 65 6c 79 | 20 6f 6e 20 69 74 73 20 |entirely| on its |
|00004450| 76 69 73 69 6f 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 66 69 6e 64 20 61 |vision t|o find a|
|00004460| 6e 64 20 63 61 74 63 68 | 20 70 72 65 79 2e 20 46 |nd catch| prey. F|
|00004470| 6f 72 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 2c 20 |or this |reason, |
|00004480| 74 68 65 20 6f 63 74 6f | 70 75 73 27 73 20 65 79 |the octo|pus's ey|
|00004490| 65 20 69 73 20 68 69 67 | 68 6c 79 20 64 65 76 65 |e is hig|hly deve|
|000044a0| 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 63 61 6e 20 70 72 |loped an|d can pr|
|000044b0| 6f 62 61 62 6c 79 20 73 | 65 65 20 69 6d 61 67 65 |obably s|ee image|
|000044c0| 73 20 6e 65 61 72 6c 79 | 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c |s nearly| as well|
|000044d0| 20 61 73 20 61 20 68 75 | 6d 61 6e 20 65 79 65 20 | as a hu|man eye |
|000044e0| 63 61 6e 2e 20 0d 09 4d | 75 63 68 20 6f 66 20 61 |can. ..M|uch of a|
|000044f0| 6e 20 6f 63 74 6f 70 75 | 73 27 73 20 62 72 61 69 |n octopu|s's brai|
|00004500| 6e 20 69 73 20 64 65 76 | 6f 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |n is dev|oted to |
|00004510| 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 | 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |interpre|ting the|
|00004520| 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 73 69 | 67 6e 61 6c 73 20 63 6f | many si|gnals co|
|00004530| 6d 69 6e 67 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 6f 63 |ming fro|m the oc|
|00004540| 74 6f 70 75 73 27 73 20 | 65 79 65 73 2e 20 54 68 |topus's |eyes. Th|
|00004550| 65 20 6f 63 74 6f 70 75 | 73 20 65 79 65 62 61 6c |e octopu|s eyebal|
|00004560| 6c 20 69 73 20 66 6c 61 | 74 74 65 6e 65 64 20 6c |l is fla|ttened l|
|00004570| 69 6b 65 20 61 20 66 69 | 73 68 20 65 79 65 2e 20 |ike a fi|sh eye. |
|00004580| 54 6f 20 66 6f 63 75 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 61 6e 20 6f |To focus| on an o|
|00004590| 62 6a 65 63 74 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 73 20 |bject, t|he lens |
|000045a0| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 79 65 20 6d 6f 76 65 73 |of the e|ye moves|
|000045b0| 20 72 61 70 69 64 6c 79 | 20 62 61 63 6b 20 61 6e | rapidly| back an|
|000045c0| 64 20 66 6f 72 74 68 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 65 79 65 |d forth.| The eye|
|000045d0| 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 6f | 63 74 6f 70 75 73 20 69 | of an o|ctopus i|
|000045e0| 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 71 | 75 69 74 65 20 6c 61 72 |s also q|uite lar|
|000045f0| 67 65 2c 20 6d 61 6b 69 | 6e 67 20 69 74 20 65 61 |ge, maki|ng it ea|
|00004600| 73 79 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 63 74 6f 70 |sy for t|he octop|
|00004610| 75 73 20 74 6f 20 73 65 | 65 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 |us to se|e well a|
|00004620| 74 20 6e 69 67 68 74 2c | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 |t night,| when it|
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|00004710| 72 2c 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 68 61 6d 62 65 72 20 73 |r, the c|hamber s|
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|000051c0| 6d 61 6b 6f 20 73 68 61 | 72 6b 2c 20 68 61 76 65 |mako sha|rk, have|
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|00005360| 73 65 65 20 69 6e 20 63 | 6f 6c 6f 72 2e 20 0d 09 |see in c|olor. ..|
|00005370| 45 61 72 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 66 6f 75 |Ears are| not fou|
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|000053b0| 2e 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 | 72 2c 20 73 68 61 72 6b |. Howeve|r, shark|
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|000053e0| 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c | 61 72 6c 79 20 66 6f 72 |particul|arly for|
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|00005400| 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 6c 69 | 6b 65 20 74 68 6f 73 65 |ounds li|ke those|
|00005410| 20 6d 61 64 65 20 62 79 | 20 73 74 72 75 67 67 6c | made by| struggl|
|00005420| 69 6e 67 20 66 69 73 68 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 68 |ing fish|. The sh|
|00005430| 61 72 6b 27 73 20 65 61 | 72 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 |ark's ea|r consis|
|00005440| 74 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 6d 65 |ts of a |small me|
|00005450| 6d 62 72 61 6e 65 20 6f | 66 20 73 6b 69 6e 20 74 |mbrane o|f skin t|
|00005460| 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 61 | 74 74 61 63 68 65 64 20 |hat is a|ttached |
|00005470| 74 6f 20 61 20 73 70 6f | 74 20 6e 65 61 72 20 74 |to a spo|t near t|
|00005480| 68 65 20 74 6f 70 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 68 65 |he top o|f the he|
|00005490| 61 64 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 70 69 65 63 65 20 6f |ad. This| piece o|
|000054a0| 66 20 73 6b 69 6e 20 6d | 6f 76 65 73 20 65 76 65 |f skin m|oves eve|
|000054b0| 72 79 20 74 69 6d 65 20 | 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 |ry time |there is|
|000054c0| 20 61 20 76 69 62 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 | a vibra|tion in |
|000054d0| 74 68 65 20 77 61 74 65 | 72 2e 20 0d 03 d8 53 68 |the wate|r. ...Sh|
|000054e0| 61 72 6b 20 44 6f 72 73 | 61 6c 20 46 69 6e 0d 0d |ark Dors|al Fin..|
|000054f0| 53 48 41 52 4b 20 44 4f | 52 53 41 4c 20 46 49 4e |SHARK DO|RSAL FIN|
|00005500| 20 0d 09 4e 6f 74 68 69 | 6e 67 20 73 74 72 69 6b | ..Nothi|ng strik|
|00005510| 65 73 20 66 65 61 72 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 68 |es fear |in the h|
|00005520| 65 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 73 77 69 6d 6d 65 |eart of |a swimme|
|00005530| 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |r more t|han the |
|00005540| 74 68 6f 75 67 68 74 20 | 6f 66 20 61 20 73 68 61 |thought |of a sha|
|00005550| 72 6b 27 73 20 64 6f 72 | 73 61 6c 20 66 69 6e 20 |rk's dor|sal fin |
|00005560| 62 72 65 61 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 72 |breaking| the sur|
|00005570| 66 61 63 65 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 61 74 65 |face of |the wate|
|00005580| 72 20 6e 65 61 72 62 79 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 68 |r nearby|. This h|
|00005590| 69 67 68 6c 79 20 72 65 | 63 6f 67 6e 69 7a 61 62 |ighly re|cognizab|
|000055a0| 6c 65 20 66 69 6e 20 61 | 63 74 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 |le fin a|cts like|
|000055b0| 20 61 20 73 61 69 6c 62 | 6f 61 74 27 73 20 6b 65 | a sailb|oat's ke|
|000055c0| 65 6c 2c 20 73 74 61 62 | 69 6c 69 7a 69 6e 67 20 |el, stab|ilizing |
|000055d0| 74 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 | 6b 27 73 20 62 6f 64 79 |the shar|k's body|
|000055e0| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 | 20 69 73 20 6d 6f 76 69 | when it| is movi|
|000055f0| 6e 67 20 74 68 72 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 77 |ng throu|gh the w|
|00005600| 61 74 65 72 2e 20 57 69 | 74 68 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |ater. Wi|thout th|
|00005610| 65 20 64 6f 72 73 61 6c | 20 66 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |e dorsal| fin the|
|00005620| 20 73 68 61 72 6b 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 67 | shark w|ould beg|
|00005630| 69 6e 20 74 75 72 6e 69 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 6f 6e |in turni|ng to on|
|00005640| 65 20 73 69 64 65 2c 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e |e side, |somethin|
|00005650| 67 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 | 61 73 20 73 69 64 65 2d |g known |as side-|
|00005660| 73 6c 69 70 70 69 6e 67 | 2e 20 55 6e 6c 69 6b 65 |slipping|. Unlike|
|00005670| 20 61 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 27 73 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | a shark|'s other|
|00005680| 20 66 69 6e 73 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 6f 72 73 61 | fins, t|he dorsa|
|00005690| 6c 20 66 69 6e 20 69 73 | 20 73 74 69 66 66 20 61 |l fin is| stiff a|
|000056a0| 6e 64 20 69 6d 6d 6f 76 | 61 62 6c 65 2e 20 49 74 |nd immov|able. It|
|000056b0| 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 | is also| conside|
|000056c0| 72 65 64 20 61 20 64 65 | 6c 69 63 61 63 79 20 69 |red a de|licacy i|
|000056d0| 6e 20 64 69 73 68 65 73 | 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 |n dishes| such as|
|000056e0| 20 73 68 61 72 6b 20 66 | 69 6e 20 73 6f 75 70 2e | shark f|in soup.|
|000056f0| 20 0d 09 54 68 65 20 73 | 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 70 | ..The s|hark's p|
|00005700| 65 63 74 6f 72 61 6c 20 | 66 69 6e 73 20 61 72 65 |ectoral |fins are|
|00005710| 20 66 6c 65 78 69 62 6c | 65 2e 20 54 68 65 79 20 | flexibl|e. They |
|00005720| 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 6d | 6f 76 65 64 20 75 70 20 |can be m|oved up |
|00005730| 61 6e 64 20 64 6f 77 6e | 20 74 6f 20 68 65 6c 70 |and down| to help|
|00005740| 20 73 74 65 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b | steer t|he shark|
|00005750| 20 6c 65 66 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 | left an|d right |
|00005760| 61 6e 64 20 75 70 20 61 | 6e 64 20 64 6f 77 6e 2e |and up a|nd down.|
|00005770| 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 66 | 69 6e 73 20 61 6c 73 6f | These f|ins also|
|00005780| 20 68 65 6c 70 20 63 6f | 6d 6d 75 6e 69 63 61 74 | help co|mmunicat|
|00005790| 65 20 74 68 65 20 6b 69 | 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 6d 6f |e the ki|nd of mo|
|000057a0| 6f 64 20 61 20 73 68 61 | 72 6b 20 69 73 20 69 6e |od a sha|rk is in|
|000057b0| 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 65 63 74 6f |. When t|he pecto|
|000057c0| 72 61 6c 20 66 69 6e 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 |ral fins| are in |
|000057d0| 74 68 65 20 64 6f 77 6e | 77 61 72 64 20 70 6f 73 |the down|ward pos|
|000057e0| 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b |ition, t|he shark|
|000057f0| 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 77 | 68 61 74 20 73 63 69 65 | is in w|hat scie|
|00005800| 6e 74 69 73 74 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 64 69 76 65 72 |ntists a|nd diver|
|00005810| 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 61 | 20 22 74 68 72 65 61 74 |s call a| "threat|
|00005820| 22 20 70 6f 73 74 75 72 | 65 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 |" postur|e. This |
|00005830| 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 |means th|at the s|
|00005840| 68 61 72 6b 20 6d 61 79 | 20 62 65 20 72 65 61 64 |hark may| be read|
|00005850| 79 20 74 6f 20 61 74 74 | 61 63 6b 2e 20 44 69 76 |y to att|ack. Div|
|00005860| 65 72 73 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 6c 65 61 72 6e 65 64 |ers have| learned|
|00005870| 20 74 6f 20 61 76 6f 69 | 64 20 61 6e 64 20 63 61 | to avoi|d and ca|
|00005880| 72 65 66 75 6c 6c 79 20 | 72 65 74 72 65 61 74 20 |refully |retreat |
|00005890| 66 72 6f 6d 20 73 68 61 | 72 6b 73 20 77 69 74 68 |from sha|rks with|
|000058a0| 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 70 | 65 63 74 6f 72 61 6c 20 | their p|ectoral |
|000058b0| 66 69 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 70 6f 73 |fins in |this pos|
|000058c0| 69 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 0d | 03 3d 53 68 61 72 6b 20 |ition. .|.=Shark |
|000058d0| 47 69 6c 6c 73 0d 0d 53 | 48 41 52 4b 20 47 49 4c |Gills..S|HARK GIL|
|000058e0| 4c 53 20 0d 09 4c 69 6b | 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |LS ..Lik|e other |
|000058f0| 66 69 73 68 2c 20 73 68 | 61 72 6b 73 20 75 73 65 |fish, sh|arks use|
|00005900| 20 67 69 6c 6c 73 20 74 | 6f 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 | gills t|o remove|
|00005910| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 78 79 | 67 65 6e 20 74 68 65 79 | the oxy|gen they|
|00005920| 20 6e 65 65 64 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 77 | need fr|om the w|
|00005930| 61 74 65 72 2e 20 41 20 | 73 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 |ater. A |shark's |
|00005940| 67 69 6c 6c 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 6d 61 64 65 20 75 |gills ar|e made u|
|00005950| 70 20 6f 66 20 61 20 66 | 65 61 74 68 65 72 79 20 |p of a f|eathery |
|00005960| 6d 61 74 65 72 69 61 6c | 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 |material| that is|
|00005970| 20 70 61 63 6b 65 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 69 6e | packed |with tin|
|00005980| 79 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 | 76 65 73 73 65 6c 73 2e |y blood |vessels.|
|00005990| 20 41 73 20 77 61 74 65 | 72 20 65 6e 74 65 72 73 | As wate|r enters|
|000059a0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 68 61 | 72 6b 27 73 20 6d 6f 75 | the sha|rk's mou|
|000059b0| 74 68 20 61 6e 64 20 70 | 61 73 73 65 73 20 6f 76 |th and p|asses ov|
|000059c0| 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 67 | 69 6c 6c 73 2c 20 74 68 |er the g|ills, th|
|000059d0| 65 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 20 | 76 65 73 73 65 6c 73 20 |e blood |vessels |
|000059e0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 67 | 69 6c 6c 73 20 61 62 73 |in the g|ills abs|
|000059f0| 6f 72 62 20 6f 78 79 67 | 65 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |orb oxyg|en from |
|00005a00| 74 68 65 20 77 61 74 65 | 72 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 |the wate|r and re|
|00005a10| 6c 65 61 73 65 20 63 61 | 72 62 6f 6e 20 64 69 6f |lease ca|rbon dio|
|00005a20| 78 69 64 65 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 |xide. Th|e water |
|00005a30| 74 68 65 6e 20 65 78 69 | 74 73 20 74 68 72 6f 75 |then exi|ts throu|
|00005a40| 67 68 20 61 20 73 68 61 | 72 6b 27 73 20 67 69 6c |gh a sha|rk's gil|
|00005a50| 6c 20 73 6c 69 74 73 2e | 20 4d 6f 73 74 20 66 69 |l slits.| Most fi|
|00005a60| 73 68 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 |sh have |only one|
|00005a70| 20 67 69 6c 6c 20 73 6c | 69 74 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | gill sl|it, but |
|00005a80| 73 68 61 72 6b 73 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 62 65 74 77 |sharks h|ave betw|
|00005a90| 65 65 6e 20 66 69 76 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 76 |een five| and sev|
|00005aa0| 65 6e 2e 20 0d 09 54 6f | 20 6b 65 65 70 20 62 72 |en. ..To| keep br|
|00005ab0| 65 61 74 68 69 6e 67 20 | 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 68 69 |eathing |like thi|
|00005ac0| 73 2c 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 | 73 68 61 72 6b 73 20 6d |s, most |sharks m|
|00005ad0| 75 73 74 20 6b 65 65 70 | 20 6d 6f 76 69 6e 67 20 |ust keep| moving |
|00005ae0| 66 6f 72 77 61 72 64 20 | 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 |forward |so that |
|00005af0| 74 68 65 79 20 6d 61 69 | 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 61 20 |they mai|ntain a |
|00005b00| 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 | 20 66 6c 6f 77 20 6f 66 |constant| flow of|
|00005b10| 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 74 | 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 | water t|hrough t|
|00005b20| 68 65 69 72 20 6d 6f 75 | 74 68 20 61 6e 64 20 6f |heir mou|th and o|
|00005b30| 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 69 | 72 20 67 69 6c 6c 73 2e |ver thei|r gills.|
|00005b40| 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b 73 | If thes|e sharks|
|00005b50| 20 73 74 6f 70 20 73 77 | 69 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 66 | stop sw|imming f|
|00005b60| 6f 72 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 | 70 65 72 69 6f 64 73 20 |or long |periods |
|00005b70| 6f 66 20 74 69 6d 65 2c | 20 74 68 65 79 20 77 69 |of time,| they wi|
|00005b80| 6c 6c 20 73 75 66 66 6f | 63 61 74 65 2e 20 4f 74 |ll suffo|cate. Ot|
|00005b90| 68 65 72 20 73 68 61 72 | 6b 73 2c 20 73 75 63 68 |her shar|ks, such|
|00005ba0| 20 61 73 20 74 68 6f 73 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c | as thos|e that l|
|00005bb0| 69 76 65 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 63 65 61 6e |ive on t|he ocean|
|00005bc0| 20 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d 2c | 20 68 61 76 65 20 6d 75 | bottom,| have mu|
|00005bd0| 73 63 6c 65 73 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 70 75 6d 70 |scles wh|ich pump|
|00005be0| 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 72 | 68 79 74 68 6d 69 63 61 | water r|hythmica|
|00005bf0| 6c 6c 79 20 6f 76 65 72 | 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 67 |lly over| their g|
|00005c00| 69 6c 6c 73 20 61 74 20 | 61 6c 6c 20 74 69 6d 65 |ills at |all time|
|00005c10| 73 2e 20 0d 03 ff 53 68 | 61 72 6b 20 4d 6f 75 74 |s. ...Sh|ark Mout|
|00005c20| 68 0d 0d 53 48 41 52 4b | 20 4d 4f 55 54 48 20 0d |h..SHARK| MOUTH .|
|00005c30| 09 41 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 27 73 20 6d 6f 75 74 68 |.A shark|'s mouth|
|00005c40| 20 69 73 20 70 65 72 66 | 65 63 74 6c 79 20 73 75 | is perf|ectly su|
|00005c50| 69 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 61 20 6c 69 66 65 73 74 |ited to |a lifest|
|00005c60| 79 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 68 | 75 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 61 |yle of h|unting a|
|00005c70| 6e 64 20 65 61 74 69 6e | 67 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 |nd eatin|g. The s|
|00005c80| 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 68 | 65 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 |hark's h|ead and |
|00005c90| 6e 65 63 6b 20 61 72 65 | 20 63 6f 76 65 72 65 64 |neck are| covered|
|00005ca0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 67 69 | 61 6e 74 20 6d 75 73 63 | with gi|ant musc|
|00005cb0| 6c 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 67 69 76 65 20 61 20 |les that| give a |
|00005cc0| 73 68 61 72 6b 20 69 74 | 73 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 |shark it|s powerf|
|00005cd0| 75 6c 20 62 69 74 65 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 75 70 70 |ul bite.| The upp|
|00005ce0| 65 72 20 6a 61 77 20 6f | 66 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 73 |er jaw o|f most s|
|00005cf0| 68 61 72 6b 73 20 69 73 | 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6c 6f |harks is| only lo|
|00005d00| 6f 73 65 6c 79 20 63 6f | 6e 6e 65 63 74 65 64 20 |osely co|nnected |
|00005d10| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 73 |to the s|hark's s|
|00005d20| 6b 75 6c 6c 2e 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 |kull. Th|is allow|
|00005d30| 73 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 73 | 68 61 72 6b 73 20 74 6f |s many s|harks to|
|00005d40| 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 75 70 | extend |their up|
|00005d50| 70 65 72 20 6a 61 77 20 | 6f 75 74 77 61 72 64 2c |per jaw |outward,|
|00005d60| 20 74 68 65 72 65 62 79 | 20 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 | thereby| making |
|00005d70| 69 74 20 65 61 73 69 65 | 72 20 74 6f 20 74 61 6b |it easie|r to tak|
|00005d80| 65 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 | 62 69 74 65 73 20 6f 75 |e large |bites ou|
|00005d90| 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 70 72 65 79 2e |t of the|ir prey.|
|00005da0| 20 41 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 27 73 20 74 65 65 74 68 | A shark|'s teeth|
|00005db0| 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 20 | 69 6e 20 73 69 7a 65 20 | differ |in size |
|00005dc0| 61 6e 64 20 73 68 61 70 | 65 20 64 65 70 65 6e 64 |and shap|e depend|
|00005dd0| 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 79 70 65 20 |ing on t|he type |
|00005de0| 6f 66 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 62 75 |of shark|. The bu|
|00005df0| 6c 6c 20 73 68 61 72 6b | 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 69 6e |ll shark|, for in|
|00005e00| 73 74 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 | 68 61 73 20 73 6d 61 6c |stance, |has smal|
|00005e10| 6c 20 74 65 65 74 68 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 |l teeth |which ar|
|00005e20| 65 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 66 | 6f 72 20 63 68 65 77 69 |e good f|or chewi|
|00005e30| 6e 67 20 75 70 20 63 72 | 61 62 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |ng up cr|abs and |
|00005e40| 6d 6f 6c 6c 75 73 6b 73 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 67 72 |mollusks|. The gr|
|00005e50| 65 61 74 20 77 68 69 74 | 65 20 73 68 61 72 6b 20 |eat whit|e shark |
|00005e60| 68 61 73 20 6c 61 72 67 | 65 2c 20 73 65 72 72 61 |has larg|e, serra|
|00005e70| 74 65 64 20 74 65 65 74 | 68 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 |ted teet|h that c|
|00005e80| 61 6e 20 73 61 77 20 6f | 66 66 20 6c 61 72 67 65 |an saw o|ff large|
|00005e90| 20 70 69 65 63 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 66 6c 65 73 68 | pieces |of flesh|
|00005ea0| 2e 20 0d 09 53 68 61 72 | 6b 20 74 65 65 74 68 20 |. ..Shar|k teeth |
|00005eb0| 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 61 74 74 61 63 68 65 64 |are not |attached|
|00005ec0| 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c | 79 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | directl|y to the|
|00005ed0| 20 6a 61 77 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 73 68 61 72 6b 2c | jaw of |a shark,|
|00005ee0| 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 | as they| are in |
|00005ef0| 6d 61 6e 79 20 61 6e 69 | 6d 61 6c 73 2e 20 49 6e |many ani|mals. In|
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|00005f10| 20 67 72 6f 77 20 69 6e | 20 61 20 67 72 6f 6f 76 | grow in| a groov|
|00005f20| 65 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 | 61 73 20 61 20 22 74 6f |e known |as a "to|
|00005f30| 6f 74 68 20 62 65 64 2c | 22 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 |oth bed,|" where |
|00005f40| 74 68 65 79 20 6d 6f 76 | 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 |they mov|e from t|
|00005f50| 68 65 20 62 61 63 6b 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 |he back |to the f|
|00005f60| 72 6f 6e 74 2e 20 57 68 | 65 6e 20 62 72 6f 6b 65 |ront. Wh|en broke|
|00005f70| 6e 20 6f 72 20 6c 6f 73 | 74 2c 20 61 20 62 72 61 |n or los|t, a bra|
|00005f80| 6e 64 20 6e 65 77 20 74 | 6f 6f 74 68 20 72 6f 74 |nd new t|ooth rot|
|00005f90| 61 74 65 73 20 75 70 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 62 65 68 |ates up |from beh|
|00005fa0| 69 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 6a | 75 73 74 20 61 20 66 65 |ind in j|ust a fe|
|00005fb0| 77 20 64 61 79 73 20 72 | 65 70 6c 61 63 69 6e 67 |w days r|eplacing|
|00005fc0| 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 73 | 74 20 6f 72 20 64 61 6d | the los|t or dam|
|00005fd0| 61 67 65 64 20 74 6f 6f | 74 68 2e 20 53 68 61 72 |aged too|th. Shar|
|00005fe0| 6b 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 70 6f 77 |ks have |such pow|
|00005ff0| 65 72 66 75 6c 20 62 69 | 74 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 |erful bi|tes that|
|00006000| 20 74 68 65 79 20 6f 66 | 74 65 6e 20 62 72 65 61 | they of|ten brea|
|00006010| 6b 20 6f 72 20 6c 6f 73 | 65 20 74 65 65 74 68 2e |k or los|e teeth.|
|00006020| 20 0d 04 23 53 68 61 72 | 6b 20 53 6b 69 6e 0d 0d | ..#Shar|k Skin..|
|00006030| 53 48 41 52 4b 20 53 4b | 49 4e 20 0d 09 41 20 73 |SHARK SK|IN ..A s|
|00006040| 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 73 | 6b 69 6e 20 6c 6f 6f 6b |hark's s|kin look|
|00006050| 73 20 73 6d 6f 6f 74 68 | 20 62 75 74 20 69 73 20 |s smooth| but is |
|00006060| 69 6e 20 66 61 63 74 20 | 76 65 72 79 20 72 6f 75 |in fact |very rou|
|00006070| 67 68 2c 20 6c 69 6b 65 | 20 73 61 6e 64 70 61 70 |gh, like| sandpap|
|00006080| 65 72 2e 20 54 68 61 74 | 27 73 20 62 65 63 61 75 |er. That|'s becau|
|00006090| 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 6b 69 6e 20 69 73 20 63 |se the s|kin is c|
|000060a0| 6f 76 65 72 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 73 6d 61 6c |overed w|ith smal|
|000060b0| 6c 2c 20 74 6f 6f 74 68 | 2d 6c 69 6b 65 20 62 75 |l, tooth|-like bu|
|000060c0| 6d 70 73 20 63 61 6c 6c | 65 64 20 22 64 65 6e 74 |mps call|ed "dent|
|000060d0| 69 63 6c 65 73 2e 22 20 | 54 68 65 73 65 20 62 75 |icles." |These bu|
|000060e0| 6d 70 73 20 66 65 65 6c | 20 73 6d 6f 6f 74 68 20 |mps feel| smooth |
|000060f0| 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 | 79 20 61 72 65 20 73 74 |when the|y are st|
|00006100| 72 6f 6b 65 64 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 66 72 6f 6e 74 |roked fr|om front|
|00006110| 20 74 6f 20 62 61 63 6b | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 66 65 | to back|, but fe|
|00006120| 65 6c 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 70 72 69 63 6b 6c 79 20 |el very |prickly |
|00006130| 77 68 65 6e 20 73 74 72 | 6f 6b 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |when str|oked in |
|00006140| 74 68 65 20 72 65 76 65 | 72 73 65 20 64 69 72 65 |the reve|rse dire|
|00006150| 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 53 | 6f 6d 65 20 70 65 6f 70 |ction. S|ome peop|
|00006160| 6c 65 20 74 68 69 6e 6b | 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 |le think| that th|
|00006170| 65 73 65 20 62 75 6d 70 | 73 20 73 6c 6f 77 20 61 |ese bump|s slow a|
|00006180| 20 73 68 61 72 6b 20 64 | 6f 77 6e 20 62 79 20 63 | shark d|own by c|
|00006190| 72 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | 66 72 69 63 74 69 6f 6e |reating |friction|
|000061a0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 2e | with th|e water.|
|000061b0| 20 41 63 74 75 61 6c 6c | 79 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6f | Actuall|y, the o|
|000061c0| 63 65 61 6e 20 77 61 74 | 65 72 20 66 6c 6f 77 73 |cean wat|er flows|
|000061d0| 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 | 20 63 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c | through| channel|
|000061e0| 73 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 75 |s betwee|n the bu|
|000061f0| 6d 70 73 20 69 6e 20 73 | 75 63 68 20 61 20 77 61 |mps in s|uch a wa|
|00006200| 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 79 20 72 65 64 75 |y that t|hey redu|
|00006210| 63 65 20 66 72 69 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 68 65 6c |ce frict|ion, hel|
|00006220| 70 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 68 61 72 6b 20 74 |ping the| shark t|
|00006230| 6f 20 73 77 69 6d 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 65 66 66 69 |o swim m|ore effi|
|00006240| 63 69 65 6e 74 6c 79 2e | 20 55 6e 66 6f 72 74 75 |ciently.| Unfortu|
|00006250| 6e 61 74 65 6c 79 2c 20 | 6d 61 6e 79 20 64 69 76 |nately, |many div|
|00006260| 65 72 73 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 67 6f 74 74 65 6e 20 |ers have| gotten |
|00006270| 76 65 72 79 20 62 61 64 | 20 73 63 72 61 70 65 73 |very bad| scrapes|
|00006280| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 | 70 61 73 73 69 6e 67 20 | from a |passing |
|00006290| 73 68 61 72 6b 20 77 68 | 6f 73 65 20 73 6b 69 6e |shark wh|ose skin|
|000062a0| 20 72 75 62 62 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 6d 20 74 68 65 | rubbed |them the|
|000062b0| 20 77 72 6f 6e 67 20 77 | 61 79 2e 20 42 65 66 6f | wrong w|ay. Befo|
|000062c0| 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 76 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e |re the i|nvention|
|000062d0| 20 6f 66 20 73 61 6e 64 | 70 61 70 65 72 2c 20 73 | of sand|paper, s|
|000062e0| 68 61 72 6b 20 73 6b 69 | 6e 20 77 61 73 20 77 69 |hark ski|n was wi|
|000062f0| 64 65 6c 79 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e |dely use|d for an|
|00006300| 20 61 62 72 61 73 69 76 | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 66 6f | abrasiv|e and fo|
|00006310| 72 20 70 6f 6c 69 73 68 | 69 6e 67 2e 20 0d 09 52 |r polish|ing. ..R|
|00006320| 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 |unning t|he lengt|
|00006330| 68 20 6f 66 20 61 20 73 | 68 61 72 6b 27 73 20 62 |h of a s|hark's b|
|00006340| 6f 64 79 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 72 6f 77 20 6f 66 20 |ody is a| row of |
|00006350| 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 72 65 | 63 65 70 74 6f 72 73 20 |small re|ceptors |
|00006360| 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 22 6c 61 74 65 |called t|he "late|
|00006370| 72 61 6c 20 6c 69 6e 65 | 20 63 61 6e 61 6c 2e 22 |ral line| canal."|
|00006380| 20 54 68 69 73 20 63 61 | 6e 61 6c 20 69 73 20 6d | This ca|nal is m|
|00006390| 61 64 65 20 75 70 20 6f | 66 20 74 69 6e 79 20 73 |ade up o|f tiny s|
|000063a0| 65 6e 73 6f 72 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 64 65 74 65 |ensors t|hat dete|
|000063b0| 63 74 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c | 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 73 |ct small| changes|
|000063c0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 77 61 74 65 72 20 70 72 | in the |water pr|
|000063d0| 65 73 73 75 72 65 20 6e | 65 61 72 62 79 2e 20 57 |essure n|earby. W|
|000063e0| 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 73 | 65 65 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 |ithout s|eeing or|
|000063f0| 20 73 6d 65 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 20 61 20 6d 6f 76 69 | smellin|g a movi|
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